Monday, March 22, 2010

Present Tense (2nd Group)

The second conugation group consists of all verbs composed from 3 letters (two consonants separated by the vowel A)
We still keep the same prefixes and suffixes used for the first conjugation group but what makes this group different to the first one is the changes occuring in the level of the vowel A. This latter is transformed into "OU" or " I" depending on the verb. (must be learned by heart)



a -----> ou
shaf شاف - To see
Pronouns Singular Plural
ana

7na
nshouf

نشوف

I see
nshoufu

نشوفو

We see
nta

ntuma
tshouf

تشوف

You see (m)
tshoufu

تشوفو

You see
nti

ntuma
tshoufi

تشوفي

You see (f)
huwa

huma
yshouf

يشوف

He sees

yshoufu

يشوفو

They see
hiya

huma
tshouf

تشوف

She sees
ٍ
similar verbs :
mat ( to die)gal (to say)kan ( to be)
3am ( to swim)Dar (to turn)zar ( to visit)
lam (to blame)dakh ( to get dizzy)la7 (to throw)
fat ( to depass)Sag ( to drive)





a ----> i
dar دار - To do
Pronouns Singular Plural
ana

7na
ndir

ندير

I do
ndiru

نديرو

We do
nta

ntuma
tdir

تدير

You do (m)

tdiru

تديرو

You do
nti

ntuma
tdiri

تديري

You do (f)
huwa
huma
ydir

يدير

He does

ydiru

يديرو

They do
hiya

huma
tdir

تدير

She does



similar verbs

ba3 ( to sell)fa9 ( to wake up)
Tar ( to fly) mal ( to tend/incline)
jab ( to bring) zad ( to add/increase)


* There are few verbs which do not obey this rule

Saturday, March 13, 2010

Possession 1 - Possessive Adjectives

To express possession, you only need to add the appropriate endings to the word:


Possessive
Adjectives
Endings Example
"ktab"
Translation
My i ktabi My book
Your k ktabk Your book
His o ktabo His book
Her ha ktabha Her book
Our na ktabna Our book
Your kom ktabkom Your book
Their hom ktabhom Their book


For words ending with (a) -generally feminine words- you take away the (a), replace it with (t) and apply the same endings.


Possessive
Adjectives
Endings Example
"mdina"
Translation
My i mdinti My city
Your k mdintk Your city
His o mdinto His city
Her ha mdint-ha Her city
Our na mdintna Our city
Your kom mdintkom Your city
Their hom mdint-hom Their city

*Reminder: The dash (-) is used not to mix up the letters t and h that must be pronounced separately, and not such as a th.

Exceptions

The endings of (my) and (his) can be slightly changed when the word ends with another vowel, other than the (a) of feminine words. These endings become (ya) and (h) instead of (i) and (o). For expample : My brother = khoya خويا ; His brother = khoh خوه.

Fortunately, there are very few exceptions.




Thursday, March 04, 2010

Greetings & Customs in Morocco

When Moroccans see someone they know, it is impolite to just say "hi" and keep walking. At the very least they have stop in order to shake hands and ask "ki dayr? Ça va ?" Always with friends and sometimes with acquaintances (shopkeepers, etc.), Moroccans will phrase this question several different ways, and then ask about the other person's health, family, children, and perhaps weather too.

Example :

Mohamed : Sba7 lkhir. Good morning ( morning of grace/wealth/goodness)

FaTema: Sba7 nnour. Good morning (morning of light)

M: ki dayra? labas 3lik? How are you? are you ok (no harm on you)?

F: labass, L7amdullah, w nta ki dayr? I'm fine (no harm on me), praise be to Allah, and you?

M: bikhir L7amdullah. ki dayrin mmalin ddar? wash kolshi labass?

I'm ok, praise be to Allah. How's your family (house owners)? are they all fine?

F: Allahumma lik l7emd, kolshi bikhir. Praise be to Allah, all's fine.


This exchange of pleasantries tends to be continuous and automatic ( the questions are strung together without really waiting for a response to any of them ). Sometimes, actually no real thought is put into the questions or answsers and both parties are usually talking at the same time. The exchange can last up to 30 or 40 seconds, and ends when one or both parties feel like to!

Moroccans are very fond of shaking hands every time they see someone they know or meet someone new. When we go into work in the morning or when we leave workplace, we're expected to shake each of our colleagues' hands. Sometimes when you're supposed to atend a familial gathering, and you found the room crowded with more than 8 people you can only say Ssalamu 3alaykom in a bit louder voice instead of shaking hands with everyone in the room!


Here are some costums of greetings in Morocco:

  • We often keep shaking hands untill the end of the greeting process.

  • Many Moroccans will look towards the ground when greeting ladies and elders.

  • Moroccans address women (elders or married ones) by the honorific title Lalla, Lla+her name, or L7ajja and elder men by sidi, ssi+his name, moulay or L7ajj

  • We often kiss elders' hands and their heads as well.You'll always hear them saying Allah yerDi 3lik aweldi/abenti or Allah ye3tik rrDa, both expressions are prayers that God will bless you and be pleasant with you..sort of.

  • After shaking hands,

    touching the right hand to the heart is a sign of respect.

    This is not limited to one's elders; it is common to see adults touching their hearts after shaking hands.

  • A person at a distance will usually make eye contact, smile, wave and touch his hand to his heart.

  • Affection for children is shown by patting gently on their shoulders or heads, but huggin or kissing cheeks is more common.

  • Male/Female contact is often limited to hand-shaking but it really depends on people's social class and their own habits.

  • It's highly recommended to use expressions such as 7amdullah (praise be to Allah/Thanks to God), nshallah (God willing), baraka allahu fik ( God bless you) in a conversation. You'll leave a very good impression.


Present Tense (1st Group)

Moroccan verbs can be grouped into three conjugation classes. The first conugation class or group consists of all verbs composed from 3 consonants or more ( except those which end with a vowel).
The verbs in this conjugation, which together constitute the great majority of Moroccan verbs, are all conjugated similarly, though there are a number of verbs with slight changes arising from orthographical and especially phonological considerations!
Tenses are designated by a variety of prefixes and suffixes.Most verbs are regular and follow the pattern detailed below:

ana ne-verb ;

nta te-verb ;

nti t-verb-i ;

huwa ye-verb ;

hiya te-verb ;

7na n-verv-u ;

ntuma t-verb-u ;

huma y-verb-u

Example


Imperfective (Present Tense)
kteb كتب - To Write
Pronouns Singular Plural
ana
7na
nekteb

نكتب

I write
nketbu

نكتبو

We write
nta
ntuma
tekteb

تكتب

You write (m)
tketbu

تكتبو

You write
nti
ntuma
tketbi

تكتبي

You write (f)
huwa
huma
yekteb

يكتب

He writes
yketbu

يكتبو

They write
hiya
huma
tekteb

تكتب

She writes

N.B :
  • Letters in red are the prefixes and suffixes appropriate to the Present Tense!
  • The "e" is used here to help with the pronounciation. It can be droped.
Once you learned how to conjugate verbs of the 1st group you can practice with these ones and at the same time you'll enrich your vocabulary. Good luck!

Dreb (to hit)
hreb (to run away)
shreb (to drink)
khTeb ( to get engaged)
dkhel (to enter)
khrej ( to get out, leave)
n3es (to sleep)
rkeb (to ride)
shTe7 (to dance)
fhem (to understand)
3ref (to know)
kdeb (to lie)
khdem (to work)
fTer (to have breakfast)
Tleb (to ask for something)
hDer (to speak/talk)

sedd (to close) nsedd; tsedd; tseddi; ysedd; tsedd; nseddu; tseddu; yseddu
7ell (to open)
reDD (to pay back/ give back/answer back/throw up..)
shekk ( to suspect/to doubt)
jerr (to grab/to pull)
3eDD (to bite)


khTar (to choose) nkhTar; tkhTar; tkhTari; yekhTar; tkhTar; nkhTaru; tkhTaru; ykhTaru
Sift, (to send)
jawb (to answer)
3awn (to help)
Sawb (to fix)
Safer (to travel)
same7 (to forgive)


tferrej (to watch) : netferrej, ttferrej, ttferrji, yetferrej, ttferrej, ntferrju, ttferrju, yetferrju
tkellem (to speak/talk)
t3ellem (to learn)
tzewwej ( to get married)
Teyyeb (to cook)
sewwel (to ask)
9elleb ( to search)

Pronounciation